{"id":8737,"date":"2026-10-29T08:33:08","date_gmt":"2026-10-29T08:33:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/?p=8737"},"modified":"2026-10-29T08:33:08","modified_gmt":"2026-10-29T08:33:08","slug":"construire-une-ia-en-papier-qui-apprend-a-gagner","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/construire-une-ia-en-papier-qui-apprend-a-gagner\/","title":{"rendered":"Construire une IA en papier qui apprend \u00e0 gagner"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Comment une machine peut-elle apprendre de ses erreurs ? Le Palais de la d\u00e9couverte propose de le v\u00e9rifier sans ordinateur : avec des bo\u00eetes en papier et des jetons, on construit une \u00ab IA \u00bb qui apprend \u00e0 gagner au jeu d&rsquo;Hexapawn.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-144.png?ssl=1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-144.png?fit=720%2C540&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8745\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-144.png?w=720&amp;ssl=1 720w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-144.png?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c0 qui s&rsquo;adresse cette activit\u00e9 ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&rsquo;activit\u00e9 convient d\u00e8s 9 ans, en classe comme \u00e0 la maison. La d\u00e9couverte prend une quinzaine de minutes, mais il faut compter environ une heure pour fabriquer le mat\u00e9riel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comment joue-t-on \u00e0 Hexapawn ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cr\u00e9\u00e9 en 1962 par Martin Gardner, le jeu se joue sur un plateau de 3 cases sur 3, avec 3 pions par camp. Un pion avance tout droit d&rsquo;une case vers une case vide, ou capture en diagonale. On gagne en \u00e9liminant tous les pions adverses, en atteignant la ligne de d\u00e9part adverse ou en bloquant l&rsquo;adversaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comment l&rsquo;IA en papier apprend-elle ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>une bo\u00eete par situation<\/strong> : 19 bo\u00eetes repr\u00e9sentent les positions possibles, avec les coups permis dessin\u00e9s dessus ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>un jeton par coup<\/strong> : pour jouer, on secoue la bo\u00eete, on tire un jeton au hasard et on applique le coup ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>l&rsquo;apprentissage<\/strong> : si l&rsquo;IA perd, on retire le dernier jeton jou\u00e9, et ce coup perdant dispara\u00eet ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>le r\u00e9sultat<\/strong> : apr\u00e8s une trentaine de parties, l&rsquo;IA ne garde que des coups gagnants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pe-encadre is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le mat\u00e9riel est gratuit : patrons \u00e0 imprimer en PDF (pions, plateau, bo\u00eetes et 43 jetons) et vid\u00e9o tutoriel de 6 minutes pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e par un m\u00e9diateur scientifique du Palais de la d\u00e9couverte.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quel int\u00e9r\u00eat p\u00e9dagogique ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&rsquo;activit\u00e9 rend tangible le principe de l&rsquo;apprentissage par renforcement : l&rsquo;IA ne \u00ab r\u00e9fl\u00e9chit \u00bb pas, elle \u00e9limine les branches qui m\u00e8nent \u00e0 la d\u00e9faite. C&rsquo;est une excellente porte d&rsquo;entr\u00e9e vers le machine learning, en math\u00e9matiques, en sciences ou dans le volet num\u00e9rique de la FMTTN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Une activit\u00e9 simple et frappante pour comprendre comment une machine apprend, sans \u00e9cran.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>D\u00e9couvrir l&rsquo;IA en papier :<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.palais-decouverte.fr\/explorer-nos-contenus\/mes-experiences-la-maison\/construis-une-intelligence-artificielle-en-papier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.palais-decouverte.fr\/explorer-nos-contenus\/mes-experiences-la-maison\/construis-une-intelligence-artificielle-en-papier<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/IA-en-papier_Materiel.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Contenu embarqu\u00e9 IA-en-papier_Materiel.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-2a44f9d8-80ea-4e9e-9845-b573bc3a1824\" href=\"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/IA-en-papier_Materiel.pdf\">IA-en-papier_Materiel<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/IA-en-papier_Materiel.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-2a44f9d8-80ea-4e9e-9845-b573bc3a1824\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00c0 voir aussi :<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/jeu-de-nim-des-cartes-qui-apprennent-a-gagner\/\">Jeu de Nim : des cartes qui apprennent \u00e0 gagner<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/?p=7240\">Le jeu des IA<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une activit\u00e9 d\u00e9branch\u00e9e du Palais de la d\u00e9couverte, d\u00e8s 9 ans : avec des bo\u00eetes et des jetons, une \u00ab IA \u00bb apprend \u00e0 gagner au jeu d&rsquo;Hexapawn en \u00e9liminant ses coups perdants. Patrons PDF et vid\u00e9o tutoriel.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8745,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[218,236,334],"tags":[6,223,309,310,317],"class_list":["post-8737","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-latelier-de-ludo","category-ia","category-fmttn-numerique","tag-jeu","tag-primaire","tag-ludopedagogie","tag-en-programmation-algorithmes-et-automation","tag-secondaire"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6aRPV-2gV","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":8547,"url":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/jeu-de-nim-des-cartes-qui-apprennent-a-gagner\/","url_meta":{"origin":8737,"position":0},"title":"Jeu de Nim : des cartes qui apprennent \u00e0 gagner","author":"Maxime Duquesnoy","date":"26 octobre 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Avec un simple jeu de 32 cartes, une \u00ab machine \u00bb apprend \u00e0 gagner au jeu de Nim en tirant les le\u00e7ons de ses d\u00e9faites. Une activit\u00e9 d\u00e9branch\u00e9e pour comprendre l'apprentissage par renforcement.","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;L'Atelier de Ludo&quot;","block_context":{"text":"L'Atelier de Ludo","link":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/category\/latelier-de-ludo\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/schema-jeu-de-nim.png?fit=1200%2C720&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/schema-jeu-de-nim.png?fit=1200%2C720&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/schema-jeu-de-nim.png?fit=1200%2C720&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/schema-jeu-de-nim.png?fit=1200%2C720&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/schema-jeu-de-nim.png?fit=1200%2C720&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7432,"url":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/optionia-des-fiches-pedagogiques-pour-enseigner-lintelligence-artificielle\/","url_meta":{"origin":8737,"position":1},"title":"Option\u2019IA : des fiches pour enseigner l\u2019IA","author":"Maxime Duquesnoy","date":"22 octobre 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Le programme et les 23 fiches de l'option IA de 15 heures en seconde (acad\u00e9mie d'Orl\u00e9ans-Tours) : apprentissage supervis\u00e9, renforcement, IA g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives, biais et enjeux, adaptables \u00e0 d'autres publics.","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Education au num\u00e9rique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Education au num\u00e9rique","link":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/category\/education-au-numerique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-138.png?fit=691%2C490&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-138.png?fit=691%2C490&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-138.png?fit=691%2C490&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7256,"url":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/le-marche-aux-donnees-un-jeu-de-cartes-sur-la-valeur-de-nos-donnees\/","url_meta":{"origin":8737,"position":2},"title":"Le march\u00e9 aux donn\u00e9es : un jeu de cartes sur la valeur de nos donn\u00e9es","author":"Maxime Duquesnoy","date":"29 octobre 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Un jeu de cartes en trois manches pour faire vivre aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves l'\u00e9conomie des donn\u00e9es et l'entra\u00eenement des IA. Pour toute la classe, en 30 \u00e0 45 minutes, mat\u00e9riel \u00e0 imprimer sous licence CC BY-NC-SA.","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;L'Atelier de Ludo&quot;","block_context":{"text":"L'Atelier de Ludo","link":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/category\/latelier-de-ludo\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-130.png?fit=1200%2C519&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-130.png?fit=1200%2C519&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-130.png?fit=1200%2C519&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-130.png?fit=1200%2C519&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-130.png?fit=1200%2C519&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7240,"url":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/le-jeu-des-ia-un-escape-game-de-20-minutes-sur-lia\/","url_meta":{"origin":8737,"position":3},"title":"Le jeu des IA : un escape game de 20 minutes sur l&rsquo;IA","author":"Maxime Duquesnoy","date":"29 octobre 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Un escape game sur cartes de la DRANE Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9 : cinq \u00e9nigmes pour d\u00e9couvrir l'histoire, le fonctionnement et les risques de l'IA, en 20 minutes, d\u00e8s 10 ans. Cartes et sc\u00e9nario gratuits sous licence CC BY-NC-SA.","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;L'Atelier de Ludo&quot;","block_context":{"text":"L'Atelier de Ludo","link":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/category\/latelier-de-ludo\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-142.png?fit=1200%2C613&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-142.png?fit=1200%2C613&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-142.png?fit=1200%2C613&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-142.png?fit=1200%2C613&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-142.png?fit=1200%2C613&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7269,"url":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/a-la-decouverte-de-lia-le-jeu-des-7-familles\/","url_meta":{"origin":8737,"position":4},"title":"\u00c0 la d\u00e9couverte de l&rsquo;IA : le jeu des 7 familles","author":"Maxime Duquesnoy","date":"29 octobre 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Un jeu des 7 familles gratuit (CC BY-NC-SA) du Learning Lab de l'Universit\u00e9 d'Orl\u00e9ans : des cartes D\u00e9fi sur l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative, 7 familles et 5 r\u00f4les pour d\u00e9couvrir le vocabulaire et les enjeux de l'IA en jouant.","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;L'Atelier de Ludo&quot;","block_context":{"text":"L'Atelier de Ludo","link":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/category\/latelier-de-ludo\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-112.png?fit=390%2C280&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4726,"url":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/chipik\/","url_meta":{"origin":8737,"position":5},"title":"Chipik","author":"Maxime Duquesnoy","date":"14 d\u00e9cembre 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Un jeu d'ambiance qui va animer vos rencontres amicales ou familiales au risque de vous f\u00e2cher avec vos voisins de table ! Votre objectif sera d\u2019\u00eatre le premier \u00e0 ne plus avoir de jetons. Probl\u00e8me : vos voisins ne cessent de vous en refiler\u00a0 ! Mais comme aurait pu dire\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;L'Atelier de Ludo&quot;","block_context":{"text":"L'Atelier de Ludo","link":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/category\/latelier-de-ludo\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/1516827451.png?fit=800%2C783&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/1516827451.png?fit=800%2C783&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/1516827451.png?fit=800%2C783&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/1516827451.png?fit=800%2C783&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-144.png?fit=720%2C540&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8737","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8737"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8737\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8747,"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8737\/revisions\/8747"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8745"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8737"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8737"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8737"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}