{"id":7449,"date":"2026-10-22T07:05:12","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T07:05:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/?p=7449"},"modified":"2026-11-02T16:09:35","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T16:09:35","slug":"intelligence-artificielle-et-consommation-deau-demeler-le-vrai-du-faux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/intelligence-artificielle-et-consommation-deau-demeler-le-vrai-du-faux\/","title":{"rendered":"IA et consommation d\u2019eau : d\u00e9m\u00ealer le vrai du faux"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Une requ\u00eate adress\u00e9e \u00e0 une intelligence artificielle consommerait un litre d&rsquo;eau.<\/strong> Cette affirmation, r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement relay\u00e9e sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux, illustre la difficult\u00e9 de mesurer et de comprendre les cons\u00e9quences environnementales de l&rsquo;IA. Dans une vid\u00e9o publi\u00e9e par <strong>Numerama, Julien Cadot revient sur la consommation d&rsquo;eau des centres de donn\u00e9es<\/strong> et sur les chiffres fr\u00e9quemment utilis\u00e9s pour sensibiliser le public \u00e0 l&#8217;empreinte environnementale de l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" title=\"YouTube video player\" width=\"1290\" height=\"726\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Qddzc5iqP5U?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=fr-FR&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D&rsquo;o\u00f9 viennent les chiffres sur la consommation d&rsquo;eau de l&rsquo;IA ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une \u00e9tude scientifique souvent cit\u00e9e estimait qu&rsquo;environ <strong>500 millilitres d&rsquo;eau \u00e9taient n\u00e9cessaires pour produire entre 10 et 50 r\u00e9ponses de GPT-3<\/strong>, selon les conditions et le lieu d&rsquo;utilisation. Cette estimation ne signifie donc pas qu&rsquo;une seule requ\u00eate consomme un demi-litre d&rsquo;eau, et encore moins un litre. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9 est plus complexe, car plusieurs facteurs interviennent :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-55965068 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<p class=\"pe-encadre wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Le refroidissement des centres de donn\u00e9es<\/strong><br>Certaines installations utilisent de l&rsquo;eau pour \u00e9vacuer la chaleur produite par les serveurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"pe-encadre wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La production d&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9<\/strong><br>Selon les sources d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie mobilis\u00e9es, celle-ci peut \u00e9galement n\u00e9cessiter de l&rsquo;eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"pe-encadre wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La localisation des infrastructures<\/strong><br>Le climat et la disponibilit\u00e9 des ressources en eau influencent les besoins et leurs cons\u00e9quences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"pe-encadre wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Les technologies utilis\u00e9es<\/strong><br>Les syst\u00e8mes de refroidissement et l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique varient d&rsquo;une installation \u00e0 l&rsquo;autre.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il est \u00e9galement n\u00e9cessaire de distinguer l&rsquo;eau pr\u00e9lev\u00e9e de celle effectivement consomm\u00e9e, notamment par \u00e9vaporation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Des impacts environnementaux bien r\u00e9els<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selon les donn\u00e9es publi\u00e9es par l&rsquo;Arcep en mai 2026, les centres de donn\u00e9es fran\u00e7ais \u00e9tudi\u00e9s ont directement pr\u00e9lev\u00e9 <strong>575 000 m\u00b3 d&rsquo;eau en 2024<\/strong>. En tenant compte de l&rsquo;eau utilis\u00e9e indirectement pour produire leur \u00e9lectricit\u00e9, le volume total est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de 6,5 millions de m\u00b3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"pe-encadre-alerte wp-block-paragraph\">Ces donn\u00e9es concernent les op\u00e9rateurs couverts par l&rsquo;enqu\u00eate et non l&rsquo;ensemble des centres de donn\u00e9es fran\u00e7ais. Elles ne permettent pas non plus d&rsquo;isoler la part sp\u00e9cifiquement imputable \u00e0 l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La consommation \u00e9lectrique croissante des centres de donn\u00e9es et les pressions qu&rsquo;ils peuvent exercer sur les ressources locales constituent n\u00e9anmoins des enjeux environnementaux importants.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une vid\u00e9o pour d\u00e9velopper l&rsquo;esprit critique face aux chiffres<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette vid\u00e9o constitue un support int\u00e9ressant pour aborder plusieurs questions en classe ou en formation :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list pe-encadre\">\n<li>Comment interpr\u00e9ter un chiffre pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 sans son contexte ?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pourquoi faut-il revenir \u00e0 la source d&rsquo;une information ?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Quelle diff\u00e9rence existe-t-il entre une estimation scientifique et une mesure r\u00e9elle ?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Comment comparer des donn\u00e9es qui ne portent pas sur les m\u00eames p\u00e9riodes ou p\u00e9rim\u00e8tres ?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Quels choix techniques, industriels et politiques peuvent contribuer \u00e0 r\u00e9duire l&#8217;empreinte environnementale du num\u00e9rique ?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"pe-encadre wp-block-paragraph\">Elle permet ainsi de travailler \u00e0 la fois <strong>l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation aux m\u00e9dias, la lecture critique des donn\u00e9es et les enjeux environnementaux de l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle<\/strong>. L&rsquo;objectif n&rsquo;est pas de minimiser les impacts du num\u00e9rique, mais de mieux les comprendre pour alimenter une r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9e sur des donn\u00e9es contextualis\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Consulter les donn\u00e9es environnementales de l&rsquo;Arcep :<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arcep.fr\/cartes-et-donnees\/nos-publications-chiffrees\/impact-environnemental\/derniers-chiffres.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.arcep.fr\/cartes-et-donnees\/nos-publications-chiffrees\/impact-environnemental\/derniers-chiffres.html<\/a><br>Source : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/antonin-bareau\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/antonin-bareau\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une requ\u00eate \u00e0 une IA consommerait un litre d&rsquo;eau ? Dans une vid\u00e9o de Numerama, Julien Cadot d\u00e9m\u00eale les chiffres sur la consommation d&rsquo;eau des centres de donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7450,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[235,236],"tags":[278,286,293,297,332],"class_list":["post-7449","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education-au-numerique","category-ia","tag-informations-et-donnees","tag-capsules-video","tag-evaluation-de-la-fiabilite-et-analyse-des-sources","tag-securite-et-bien-etre","tag-bien-etre-numerique-et-durabilite"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6aRPV-1W9","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":7452,"url":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/empreinte-environnementale-de-lintelligence-artificielle-de-nouveaux-outils-pour-mieux-mesurer-ses-impacts\/","url_meta":{"origin":7449,"position":0},"title":"Empreinte environnementale de l\u2019IA : des outils de mesure","author":"Maxime Duquesnoy","date":"22 octobre 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"L'Institut du Num\u00e9rique Responsable fait le point sur les \u00e9tudes, outils de mesure et recommandations pour \u00e9valuer l'empreinte environnementale de l'intelligence artificielle.","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Education au num\u00e9rique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Education au num\u00e9rique","link":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/category\/education-au-numerique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/618665419-5a380828-6974-41ce-9176-dbc579b62096.png?fit=1200%2C418&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/618665419-5a380828-6974-41ce-9176-dbc579b62096.png?fit=1200%2C418&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/618665419-5a380828-6974-41ce-9176-dbc579b62096.png?fit=1200%2C418&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/618665419-5a380828-6974-41ce-9176-dbc579b62096.png?fit=1200%2C418&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/618665419-5a380828-6974-41ce-9176-dbc579b62096.png?fit=1200%2C418&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":8738,"url":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/le-comparateur-combien-denergie-consomme-lia\/","url_meta":{"origin":7449,"position":1},"title":"Le comparateur : combien d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie consomme l&rsquo;IA ?","author":"Maxime Duquesnoy","date":"29 octobre 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Une activit\u00e9 en ligne d'Antonin Bareau : classer treize chiffres r\u00e9els de consommation \u00e9lectrique li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'IA, du wattheure au t\u00e9rawattheure, puis estimer sa propre semaine num\u00e9rique. Sources fournies, licence CC BY-NC-SA.","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;L'Atelier de Ludo&quot;","block_context":{"text":"L'Atelier de Ludo","link":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/category\/latelier-de-ludo\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-143.png?fit=1200%2C506&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-143.png?fit=1200%2C506&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-143.png?fit=1200%2C506&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-143.png?fit=1200%2C506&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-143.png?fit=1200%2C506&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":8714,"url":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/cafe-ia-20-cartes-sur-limpact-energetique-de-lia\/","url_meta":{"origin":7449,"position":2},"title":"Caf\u00e9 IA : 20 cartes sur l&rsquo;impact \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de l&rsquo;IA","author":"Maxime Duquesnoy","date":"29 octobre 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Vingt cartes infographiques de Caf\u00e9 IA pour saisir les ordres de grandeur de la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative : tokens, intensit\u00e9 carbone, mod\u00e8les, usages. Sources d\u00e9taill\u00e9es, PDF gratuit sous licence CC BY-SA.","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;L'Atelier de Ludo&quot;","block_context":{"text":"L'Atelier de Ludo","link":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/category\/latelier-de-ludo\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-140.png?fit=768%2C987&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-140.png?fit=768%2C987&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-140.png?fit=768%2C987&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-140.png?fit=768%2C987&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7446,"url":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/educia-des-activites-interactives-pour-comprendre-lintelligence-artificielle-et-developper-lesprit-critique\/","url_meta":{"origin":7449,"position":3},"title":"\u00c9duc\u2019IA : comprendre l\u2019IA et exercer son esprit critique","author":"Maxime Duquesnoy","date":"22 octobre 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Une plateforme libre et sans compte d'Emmanuel Gaunard pour faire manipuler les mod\u00e8les de langage aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves : biais, hallucinations, prompts, impacts environnementaux, avec des outils pour l'enseignant\u00b7e.","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Education au num\u00e9rique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Education au num\u00e9rique","link":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/category\/education-au-numerique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Image18.png?fit=1200%2C624&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Image18.png?fit=1200%2C624&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Image18.png?fit=1200%2C624&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Image18.png?fit=1200%2C624&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Image18.png?fit=1200%2C624&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":8518,"url":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/comparia-comparer-les-ia-conversationnelles-a-laveugle\/","url_meta":{"origin":7449,"position":4},"title":"Compar:IA : comparer les IA conversationnelles \u00e0 l&rsquo;aveugle","author":"Maxime Duquesnoy","date":"25 octobre 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Compar:IA, service public fran\u00e7ais, fait comparer \u00e0 l'aveugle les r\u00e9ponses de deux IA, puis r\u00e9v\u00e8le les mod\u00e8les et leur impact environnemental. Id\u00e9al pour exercer l'esprit critique.","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Education au num\u00e9rique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Education au num\u00e9rique","link":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/category\/education-au-numerique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-90.png?fit=1200%2C541&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-90.png?fit=1200%2C541&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-90.png?fit=1200%2C541&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-90.png?fit=1200%2C541&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-90.png?fit=1200%2C541&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7277,"url":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/ia-et-droits-humains-une-exposition-a-imprimer\/","url_meta":{"origin":7449,"position":5},"title":"IA et droits humains : une exposition \u00e0 imprimer","author":"Maxime Duquesnoy","date":"24 octobre 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Avec \u00ab Intelligence artificielle, Droits devant ! \u00bb, Cartooning for Peace propose un kit gratuit qui utilise le dessin de presse pour questionner les cons\u00e9quences de l'IA sur la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et les droits humains.","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Education au num\u00e9rique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Education au num\u00e9rique","link":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/category\/education-au-numerique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-33.png?fit=598%2C557&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-33.png?fit=598%2C557&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-33.png?fit=598%2C557&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/AI-FR-1920x1357-1.webp?fit=1920%2C1357&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7449","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7449"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7449\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9159,"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7449\/revisions\/9159"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7450"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7449"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7449"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7449"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}