{"id":7317,"date":"2026-10-21T07:43:28","date_gmt":"2026-10-21T07:43:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/?p=7317"},"modified":"2026-10-29T08:59:35","modified_gmt":"2026-10-29T08:59:35","slug":"llm-fx-comprendre-un-modele-de-langage-comme-une-fonction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/llm-fx-comprendre-un-modele-de-langage-comme-une-fonction\/","title":{"rendered":"LLM = f(x) : un mod\u00e8le de langage vu comme une fonction"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Et si l&rsquo;on expliquait ChatGPT avec ce que les \u00e9l\u00e8ves connaissent d\u00e9j\u00e0 : y = f(x) ?<\/strong> Cette page de Rochane Kherbouche d\u00e9crit un grand mod\u00e8le de langage comme une fonction math\u00e9matique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Entr\u00e9e (x)<\/strong> : tout ce qui est fourni au mod\u00e8le, prompt, fichier ou outil ;<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Fonction (f)<\/strong> : le mod\u00e8le, un ensemble de param\u00e8tres fig\u00e9s apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;entra\u00eenement ;<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Sortie (y)<\/strong> : une distribution de probabilit\u00e9s sur les mots suivants ;<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Biais<\/strong> : complaisance, tendance vers la r\u00e9ponse la plus attendue, biais h\u00e9rit\u00e9s des donn\u00e9es ;<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Parades<\/strong> : laisser des options ouvertes, proposer des choix, tester le mod\u00e8le avec des questions dont la r\u00e9ponse est connue.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>D\u00e9couvrir LLM = f(x) :<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/ia-fonction.rochane.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/ia-fonction.rochane.fr\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rochane Kherbouche explique un grand mod\u00e8le de langage avec un outil des cours de maths, la fonction : une entr\u00e9e, des param\u00e8tres fig\u00e9s et une sortie en probabilit\u00e9s, avec ses biais et des parades.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7342,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[236,118],"tags":[292,303,310,311,317],"class_list":["post-7317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ia","category-mathematiques","tag-informatique-numerique","tag-mathematiques","tag-en-programmation-algorithmes-et-automation","tag-education-par-et-au-numerique","tag-secondaire"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6aRPV-1U1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":7412,"url":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/286-fiches-pedagogiques-pour-enseigner-la-culture-de-lia\/","url_meta":{"origin":7317,"position":0},"title":"286 fiches p\u00e9dagogiques pour enseigner la culture de l&rsquo;IA","author":"Maxime Duquesnoy","date":"22 octobre 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"286 fiches en fran\u00e7ais, de la petite enfance au sup\u00e9rieur, pour d\u00e9velopper la culture de l'IA : la traduction par Rochane Kherbouche des ressources finlandaises Faktabaari EDU.","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Education au num\u00e9rique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Education au num\u00e9rique","link":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/category\/education-au-numerique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/human-l.jpg?fit=845%2C845&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/human-l.jpg?fit=845%2C845&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/human-l.jpg?fit=845%2C845&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/human-l.jpg?fit=845%2C845&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7311,"url":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/vittascience-ia-entrainer-son-propre-modele-pour-comprendre-les-biais\/","url_meta":{"origin":7317,"position":1},"title":"Vittascience IA : entra\u00eener un mod\u00e8le pour voir les biais","author":"Maxime Duquesnoy","date":"23 octobre 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"L'interface IA de Vittascience permet d'entra\u00eener soi-m\u00eame un mod\u00e8le sur des images, des sons ou des postures, puis d'observer ses erreurs pour comprendre les biais. De la maternelle au sup\u00e9rieur.","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Education au num\u00e9rique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Education au num\u00e9rique","link":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/category\/education-au-numerique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-3.png?fit=1008%2C338&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-3.png?fit=1008%2C338&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-3.png?fit=1008%2C338&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-3.png?fit=1008%2C338&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7309,"url":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/mon-premier-llm-comprendre-comment-une-ia-choisit-ses-mots\/","url_meta":{"origin":7317,"position":2},"title":"Mon premier LLM : comprendre comment une IA choisit ses mots","author":"Maxime Duquesnoy","date":"23 octobre 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Une activit\u00e9 en ligne d'Herv\u00e9 Allesant pour le cycle 2 : les \u00e9l\u00e8ves construisent une phrase mot apr\u00e8s mot, comme un grand mod\u00e8le de langage, et comprennent pourquoi une IA peut \u00e9crire juste mais faux.","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Education au num\u00e9rique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Education au num\u00e9rique","link":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/category\/education-au-numerique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-4.png?fit=821%2C560&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-4.png?fit=821%2C560&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-4.png?fit=821%2C560&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-4.png?fit=821%2C560&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7303,"url":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/didaklab-un-laboratoire-pour-comprendre-comment-fonctionne-une-ia\/","url_meta":{"origin":7317,"position":3},"title":"Didak\u2019lab : un laboratoire pour exp\u00e9rimenter l\u2019IA","author":"Maxime Duquesnoy","date":"24 octobre 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Didak'lab, le laboratoire interactif de NovaP\u00e9da, fait d\u00e9couvrir dans le navigateur comment une IA apprend, pr\u00e9dit une r\u00e9ponse ou se trompe, sans pr\u00e9requis technique.","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Education au num\u00e9rique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Education au num\u00e9rique","link":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/category\/education-au-numerique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-16.png?fit=1200%2C572&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-16.png?fit=1200%2C572&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-16.png?fit=1200%2C572&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-16.png?fit=1200%2C572&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-16.png?fit=1200%2C572&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":8518,"url":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/comparia-comparer-les-ia-conversationnelles-a-laveugle\/","url_meta":{"origin":7317,"position":4},"title":"Compar:IA : comparer les IA conversationnelles \u00e0 l&rsquo;aveugle","author":"Maxime Duquesnoy","date":"25 octobre 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Compar:IA, service public fran\u00e7ais, fait comparer \u00e0 l'aveugle les r\u00e9ponses de deux IA, puis r\u00e9v\u00e8le les mod\u00e8les et leur impact environnemental. Id\u00e9al pour exercer l'esprit critique.","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Education au num\u00e9rique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Education au num\u00e9rique","link":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/category\/education-au-numerique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-90.png?fit=1200%2C541&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-90.png?fit=1200%2C541&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-90.png?fit=1200%2C541&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-90.png?fit=1200%2C541&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-90.png?fit=1200%2C541&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7384,"url":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/40-consignes-de-cours-pour-enseigner-avec-lintelligence-artificielle\/","url_meta":{"origin":7317,"position":5},"title":"40 consignes pour enseigner avec l\u2019IA","author":"Maxime Duquesnoy","date":"22 octobre 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"40 propositions d'activit\u00e9s en fran\u00e7ais, rassembl\u00e9es par Rochane Kherbouche, pour int\u00e9grer l'IA aux apprentissages tout en d\u00e9veloppant la r\u00e9flexion et l'esprit critique des \u00e9l\u00e8ves.","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Intelligence artificielle&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Intelligence artificielle","link":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/category\/ia\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/human-l.jpg?fit=845%2C845&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/human-l.jpg?fit=845%2C845&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/human-l.jpg?fit=845%2C845&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/human-l.jpg?fit=845%2C845&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Image4.png?fit=1049%2C651&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7317","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7317"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7317\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8855,"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7317\/revisions\/8855"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7342"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7317"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7317"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/portaileduc.net\/website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7317"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}